Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) employs magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body. In the context of breast cancer screening, MRI is utilized to obtain comprehensive images of the breast tissue both before and after the administration of a contrast agent via IV. This contrast solution enhances the visibility of any abnormal tissue within the breast.
Breast MRI has significantly advanced in the last decade, transitioning from primarily evaluating breast implants to becoming crucial in breast cancer detection and screening high-risk individuals. It is now the most sensitive tool for identifying breast cancer, serving various purposes, including problem-solving, screening, and staging for patients with breast cancer. This guide outlines its current applications and essential requirements for clinical use.
Hidden Breast Cancer
Identifying the cancer source when other scans don’t show it, or in cases of suspicious nipple discharge.
Clarification Tool
When mammograms or ultrasounds are unclear but shouldn’t replace biopsies.
High-Risk Screening
Especially for those with a lifetime risk of breast cancer over 20-25%, including genetic predisposition and certain syndromes.
Evaluating Treatment
Assessing how well chemotherapy is working.
Surgery Planning
Checking for remaining cancer or the full extent of it before surgery.
Pre-Surgery Assessment
Evaluating disease spread within the same or opposite breast, despite the debate on its impact on long-term outcomes.
Breast Implants
Checking for implant ruptures or complications.
Notably, the most common reason for a breast MRI is having a lifetime breast cancer risk above 20%. You can use this online risk calculator to help determine this risk, and individuals with such findings should discuss the potential need for breast MRI alongside mammography with their healthcare provider.